In this article we at Tetrate will show how to integrate cert-manager as an external CA to your Istio service mesh using istio-csr extension.
Background
For key and certificate management, Istio is using its own Certificate Authority (CA) inside istiod control plane.
Here, we would use the cert-manager provisioned Issuer as the external CA to sign the workload certificates using Istio CSR API with the CSR request directly going from the workloads to the external CA.
Setting up the Environment
We performed this demo using Kubernetes 1.18 and Istio 1.8:
Deploy Kubernetes cluster(>=1.16) with minikube.
minikube start --memory=10000 --cpus=4 --kubernetes-version=1.18.6Install helm3 for cert-manager CRD installation.
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get-helm-3 | shInstall GetMesh and fetch Istio.
curl -sL https://istio.tetratelabs.io/getmesh/install.sh | sh getmesh fetch
Deploy cert-manager
Install cert-manager in cert-manager namespace.
kubectl create namespace cert-manager
helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io
helm repo update
helm install \
cert-manager jetstack/cert-manager \
--namespace cert-manager \
--version v1.1.0 \
--set installCRDs=true
Configure cert-manager Issuer
While we could use cert-manager to connect with several Issuers, in this example we would configure cert-manager to create a self-signed CA to issue workload certificates. The istio-ca secret would hold the CA key/cert pair.
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Issuer
metadata:
name: selfsigned
spec:
selfSigned: {}
---
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
name: istio-ca
spec:
isCA: true
duration: 2160h # 90d
secretName: istio-ca
commonName: istio-ca
subject:
organizations:
- cluster.local
- cert-manager
issuerRef:
name: selfsigned
kind: Issuer
group: cert-manager.io
---
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Issuer
metadata:
name: istio-ca
spec:
ca:
secretName: istio-ca
kubectl create ns istio-system
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cert-manager/istio-csr/master/hack/demo/cert-manager-bootstrap-resources.yaml -n istio-system
Deploy istio-csr agent for cert-manager
Deploy istio-csr through official helm chart. It will use a certificate named istio-ca to generate istio-ca secret for workload certificate and verification.
helm repo add https://chart.jetstack.io
helm repo update
helm install -n cert-manager cert-manager-istio-csr jetstack/cert-manager-istio-csr
This agent also creates a secret istod-tls which holds the tls cert/key for istiod to serve XDS. This newly created cert is signed by istio-ca.
Install and Configure Istio
Initialize Istio operator.
getmesh istioctl operator init
Configure on the operator yaml.
- Configure External CA address for workloads
- Disable istiod as the CA Server
- provide TLS certs for istiod from cert-manager
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
namespace: istio-system
name: istio-operator-csr
spec:
profile: "demo"
hub: containers.istio.tetratelabs.com
values:
global:
# Change certificate provider to cert-manager istio agent for istio agent
caAddress: cert-manager-istio-csr.cert-manager.svc:443
components:
pilot:
k8s:
env:
# Disable istiod CA Sever functionality
- name: ENABLE_CA_SERVER
value: "false"
overlays:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
name: istiod
patches:
# Mount istiod serving and webhook certificate from Secret mount
- path: spec.template.spec.containers.[name:discovery].args[7]
value: "--tlsCertFile=/etc/cert-manager/tls/tls.crt"
- path: spec.template.spec.containers.[name:discovery].args[8]
value: "--tlsKeyFile=/etc/cert-manager/tls/tls.key"
- path: spec.template.spec.containers.[name:discovery].args[9]
value: "--caCertFile=/etc/cert-manager/ca/root-cert.pem"
- path: spec.template.spec.containers.[name:discovery].volumeMounts[6]
value:
name: cert-manager
mountPath: "/etc/cert-manager/tls"
readOnly: true
- path: spec.template.spec.containers.[name:discovery].volumeMounts[7]
value:
name: ca-root-cert
mountPath: "/etc/cert-manager/ca"
readOnly: true
- path: spec.template.spec.volumes[6]
value:
name: cert-manager
secret:
secretName: istiod-tls
- path: spec.template.spec.volumes[7]
value:
name: ca-root-cert
configMap:
secretName: istiod-tls
defaultMode: 420
name: istio-ca-root-cert
You could validate on all cert-manager certs in istio-system namespace through the following command.
kubectl get certificates -n istio-system
NAME READY SECRET AGE
istio-ca True istio-ca 16m
istiod True istiod-tls 16m
Deploy application
Here we deploy a simple workload for certificate verification.
kubectl create ns foo
kubectl label ns foo istio-injection=enabled
kubectl apply -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml -n foo
kubectl get pods -n foo
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
sleep-8f795f47d-vv6hx 2/2 Running 0 42s
Validate mTLS certs issued for workloads
After the workload is running, we could check on the secret in SDS using the istioctl proxy-config command.
getmesh istioctl pc secret sleep-8f795f47d-vv6hx.foo -o json > proxy_secret
Check on the proxy_secret. There should be a field named ROOTCA and in ROOTCA there should be a field trustedCA which is signed by cert-manager istio-ca.
Compare the base64 value in trustedCA with the istio-ca secret ca.crt located in istio-system. Those two should be the same.
kubectl get secrets -n istio-system istio-ca -o json > istio-ca
Summary
This article demonstrates how to integrate cert-manager as an external CA for Istio service mesh. The cert-manager/service mesh integration can be successfully implemented in different clouds with brand-new or existing deployments of cert-manager, when the service mesh is introduced during Day 2 implementations stage. In the end, you’re getting the best of two worlds: Istio integrating with an external CA of your choice!